| Title | Aproximación al tema de la visión de la oscuridad en De Anima II 7 desde los comentarios de Averroes |
| Translation | Approach to the topic of the vision of darkness in De Anima II 7 from the comments of Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue | 152 |
| Pages | 515 – 534 |
| Categories | Commentary, Aristotle, De anima, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Desiderio Parrilla |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| El problema de la “visión escotópica”, o visión bajo condiciones de oscuridad parcial o total, es uno de los tópicos más enigmáticos y menos estudiados de la psicología aristotélica. En el artículo exponemos la exégesis de Averroes acerca de este asunto. Señalamos una dificultad que surge en el Comentario mayor en torno a algunos términos utilizados para designar la oscuridad en el conjunto de la teoría. Proponemos como solución una interpretación moderada del asunto, acorde con el “principio de economía” y la exégesis tradicional de los comentaristas. The problem of “scotopic vision”, or vision under conditions of partial or total darkness, is one of the most enigmatic and least studied topics in Aristotelian psychology. In the article we present the exegesis of Averroes on this matter. We point out a dificulty that arises in the Great Commentary around some terms used to designate the obscurity in the whole of the theory. We propose as a solution a moderate interpretation of the matter, in accordance with the “principle of economy” and the traditional exegesis of the commentators. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5558","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5558,"authors_free":[{"id":6452,"entry_id":5558,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":1844,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Desiderio Parrilla","free_first_name":"Desiderio ","free_last_name":"Parrilla","norm_person":{"id":1844,"first_name":"Desiderio ","last_name":"Parrilla","full_name":"Desiderio Parrilla","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1197179534","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Desiderio Parrilla"}}],"entry_title":"Aproximaci\u00f3n al tema de la visi\u00f3n de la oscuridad en De Anima II 7 desde los comentarios de Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"Approach to the topic of the vision of darkness in De Anima II 7 from the comments of Averroes","main_title":{"title":"Aproximaci\u00f3n al tema de la visi\u00f3n de la oscuridad en De Anima II 7 desde los comentarios de Averroes"},"abstract":"El problema de la \u201cvisi\u00f3n escot\u00f3pica\u201d, o visi\u00f3n bajo condiciones de oscuridad parcial o total, es uno de los t\u00f3picos m\u00e1s enigm\u00e1ticos y menos estudiados de la psicolog\u00eda aristot\u00e9lica. En el art\u00edculo exponemos la ex\u00e9gesis de Averroes acerca de este asunto. Se\u00f1alamos una dificultad que surge en el Comentario mayor en torno a algunos t\u00e9rminos utilizados para designar la oscuridad en el conjunto de la teor\u00eda. Proponemos como soluci\u00f3n una interpretaci\u00f3n moderada del asunto, acorde con el \u201cprincipio de econom\u00eda\u201d y la ex\u00e9gesis tradicional de los comentaristas.\r\n\r\nThe problem of \u201cscotopic vision\u201d, or vision under conditions of partial or total darkness, is one of the most enigmatic and least studied topics in Aristotelian psychology. In the article we present the exegesis of Averroes on this matter. We point out a dificulty that arises in the Great Commentary around some terms used to designate the obscurity in the whole of the theory. We propose as a solution a moderate interpretation of the matter, in accordance with the \u201cprinciple of economy\u201d and the traditional exegesis of the commentators.","btype":3,"date":"2022","language":"Spanish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0100-512x2022n15212dp","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[{"id":1844,"full_name":"Desiderio Parrilla","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5558,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia","volume":"63","issue":"152","pages":"515 \u2013 534"}},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Sources et origines de la théorie de l’intellect d’Averroès (II) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph |
| Volume | 68 |
| Pages | 135–232 |
| Categories | Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Influence, De anima |
| Author(s) | Marc Geoffroy |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Cette contribution constitue la deuxième partie de la publication, avec quelques mises à jour et aménagements, d’une thèse de doctorat soutenue sous le même intitulé à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, en décembre 2009 et dont la première partie a été publiée dans les MUSJ 66 (2015-2016). L’auteur entend, selon une perspective strictement historique, déterminer les sources sur lesquelles s’est appuyé, entre les années cinquante et soixante du xiie siècle (première période de son travail philosophique), Averroès (Ibn Rušd, m. 1198) pour concevoir sa théorie de l’âme et de l’intellect, en référence aux sources péripatéticiennes auxquelles il pouvait avoir accès de son temps. Pour celui qui vaut dans la tradition philosophique comme le « Commentateur » d’Aristote par excellence, il peut paraître étonnant qu’Averroès n’ait eu d’emblée accès qu’à des sources indirectes relatives à la théorie de l’âme du Stagirite, mais ce fut pourtant le cas, comme l’auteur le montre ici. On voit en effet que la doctrine de l’âme exposée par Averroès est essentiellement structurée par l’enseignement d’Alexandre d’Aphrodise et par son De anima. L’aristotélisme d’Averroès apparaît de ce point de vue comme un aristotélisme sans Aristote, et ceci allait refluer de manière décisive sur l’exégèse d’Averroès une fois qu’il se serait emparé de l’écrit du Stagirite, notamment et surtout pour expliquer les chapitres 4 et 5 du livre III du De anima (sur l’intellect en puissance et l’intellect agent). |
| Online Access | https://journals.usj.edu.lb/melanges/article/view/546 |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5045","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5045,"authors_free":[{"id":5794,"entry_id":5045,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":955,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Marc Geoffroy","free_first_name":"Marc","free_last_name":"Geoffroy","norm_person":{"id":955,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Geoffroy","full_name":"Marc Geoffroy","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/174155514","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/7482512","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Marc Geoffroy"}}],"entry_title":"Sources et origines de la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019intellect d\u2019Averro\u00e8s (II)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Sources et origines de la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019intellect d\u2019Averro\u00e8s (II)"},"abstract":"Cette contribution constitue la deuxi\u00e8me partie de la publication, avec quelques mises \u00e0 jour et am\u00e9nagements, d\u2019une th\u00e8se de doctorat soutenue sous le m\u00eame intitul\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole Pratique des Hautes \u00c9tudes, Paris, en d\u00e9cembre 2009 et dont la premi\u00e8re partie a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e dans les MUSJ 66 (2015-2016). L\u2019auteur entend, selon une perspective strictement historique, d\u00e9terminer les sources sur lesquelles s\u2019est appuy\u00e9, entre les ann\u00e9es cinquante et soixante du xiie si\u00e8cle (premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode de son travail philosophique), Averro\u00e8s (Ibn Ru\u0161d, m. 1198) pour concevoir sa th\u00e9orie de l\u2019\u00e2me et de l\u2019intellect, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux sources p\u00e9ripat\u00e9ticiennes auxquelles il pouvait avoir acc\u00e8s de son temps. Pour celui qui vaut dans la tradition philosophique comme le \u00ab Commentateur \u00bb d\u2019Aristote par excellence, il peut para\u00eetre \u00e9tonnant qu\u2019Averro\u00e8s n\u2019ait eu d\u2019embl\u00e9e acc\u00e8s qu\u2019\u00e0 des sources indirectes relatives \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019\u00e2me du Stagirite, mais ce fut pourtant le cas, comme l\u2019auteur le montre ici. On voit en effet que la doctrine de l\u2019\u00e2me expos\u00e9e par Averro\u00e8s est essentiellement structur\u00e9e par l\u2019enseignement d\u2019Alexandre d\u2019Aphrodise et par son De anima. L\u2019aristot\u00e9lisme d\u2019Averro\u00e8s appara\u00eet de ce point de vue comme un aristot\u00e9lisme sans Aristote, et ceci allait refluer de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9cisive sur l\u2019ex\u00e9g\u00e8se d\u2019Averro\u00e8s une fois qu\u2019il se serait empar\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9crit du Stagirite, notamment et surtout pour expliquer les chapitres 4 et 5 du livre III du De anima (sur l\u2019intellect en puissance et l\u2019intellect agent).","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"French","online_url":"https:\/\/journals.usj.edu.lb\/melanges\/article\/view\/546","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"}],"authors":[{"id":955,"full_name":"Marc Geoffroy","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5045,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"M\u00e9langes de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Saint-Joseph","volume":"68","issue":"","pages":"135\u2013232"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | ’Active Intellect’ in Avempace and Averroës: An Interpretative Issue |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Synthesis Philosophica |
| Volume | 62 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 345–358 |
| Categories | Ibn Bāǧǧa, De anima, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Daniel Bučan |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This essay is about the understanding of the notion of active intellect in Ibn Bāǧǧa (Avempace) and Ibn Rushd (Averroës). The traditional interpretation of both Avempace’s and Averroës’ concept of active intellect is that they both understand it as the lowest celestial intelligence which is dator formarum, and that man thinks and cognizes intelligibles only by “connecting” with it in a quasi-mystic way; cognition being the active intellect’s granting ideas (formae or concepts) to man’s intellect. The author believes that both in Avempace’s and Averroës’ theory of cognition the notion of active intellect is only the highest function of human intellect, not a celestial entity. Based on such a presumption, as well as on the analysis of his theory, Avempace’s notion of iṭṭiṣāl bi-’aql fa’āl is interpreted not as a kind of mystic “conjunction” or “union” with a separate celestial entity, but as reaching the highest level of man’s intellect function in the continuity of the process of thinking. The same goes for Averroës’ theory, which is quite clearly presented in his Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect, where one can find practically direct confirmation for such an interpretation, because Averroës says that “conjunction with it seems to resemble more the conjunction of form in matter than it does the conjunction of agent with effect. The well-known difference between agent and effect is that the agent is external, but here there is no external agent”, or that active intellect “conjoins with us from the outset by conjunction of in-existence”. The author concludes that the issue of the active intellect in Islamic philosophy is not disambiguous – for different thinkers it was a different concept – only the function of the active intellect is always one and the same: producing ideas. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5140","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5140,"authors_free":[{"id":5919,"entry_id":5140,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":625,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","free_first_name":"Daniel ","free_last_name":"Bu\u010dan","norm_person":{"id":625,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Bu\u010dan","full_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/73420981","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Daniel Bu\u010dan"}}],"entry_title":"\u2019Active Intellect\u2019 in Avempace and Averro\u00ebs: An Interpretative Issue","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u2019Active Intellect\u2019 in Avempace and Averro\u00ebs: An Interpretative Issue"},"abstract":"This essay is about the understanding of the notion of active intellect in Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a (Avempace) and Ibn Rushd (Averro\u00ebs). The traditional interpretation of both Avempace\u2019s and Averro\u00ebs\u2019 concept of active intellect is that they both understand it as the lowest celestial intelligence which is dator formarum, and that man thinks and cognizes intelligibles only by \u201cconnecting\u201d with it in a quasi-mystic way; cognition being the active intellect\u2019s granting ideas (formae or concepts) to man\u2019s intellect. The author believes that both in Avempace\u2019s and Averro\u00ebs\u2019 theory of cognition the notion of active intellect is only the highest function of human intellect, not a celestial entity. Based on such a presumption, as well as on the analysis of his theory, Avempace\u2019s notion of i\u1e6d\u1e6di\u1e63\u0101l bi-\u2019aql fa\u2019\u0101l is interpreted not as a kind of mystic \u201cconjunction\u201d or \u201cunion\u201d with a separate celestial entity, but as reaching the highest level of man\u2019s intellect function in the continuity of the process of thinking. The same goes for Averro\u00ebs\u2019 theory, which is quite clearly presented in his Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect, where one can find practically direct confirmation for such an interpretation, because Averro\u00ebs says that \u201cconjunction with it seems to resemble more the conjunction of form in matter than it does the conjunction of agent with effect. The well-known difference between agent and effect is that the agent is external, but here there is no external agent\u201d, or that active intellect \u201cconjoins with us from the outset by conjunction of in-existence\u201d. The author concludes that the issue of the active intellect in Islamic philosophy is not disambiguous \u2013 for different thinkers it was a different concept \u2013 only the function of the active intellect is always one and the same: producing ideas.","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21464\/sp31208","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":17,"category_name":"Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a","link":"bib?categories[]=Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[{"id":625,"full_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5140,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Synthesis Philosophica","volume":"62","issue":"2","pages":"345\u2013358"}},"sort":[2016]}
| Title | On a Possible Argument for Averroes’s Single Separate Intellect |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy |
| Volume | 4 |
| Pages | 27–63 |
| Categories | De anima, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Stephen R. Ogden |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture |
| Volume | 3 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 39-41 |
| Categories | Psychology, De anima |
| Author(s) | Davoud Zandi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect is an important issue in the realm of epistemology in Islamic philosophy. The aim of the present study is to compare the views of Averroes and Al-Farabi in this regard. Reviewing their theories, this study shows that both the mentioned philosophers agree upon the fact that the Active Intellect exists apart from human soul and acts as a creator of forms, but as for the relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect, there is disagreement between Averroes and Al-Farabi. Averroes believes that in some aspects both of them are the same yet they are different in some other aspects, namely regarding their acts they are different because the active intellect acts as creator of forms while the material intellect is just receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material intellect achieves perfection through the active intellect, whereas in Al-Farabi’s opinion, ontologically speaking; the material intellect and the active intellect are different in their existence. The material intellect in al-Farabi’s perspective is one of the stages of human intellect that is inherent in human soul, whereas the active intellect is an immaterial substance that exists apart from human soul. |
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| Title | Sources et origines de la théroie de l’intellect d’Averroès (I) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2014 |
| Journal | Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph |
| Volume | 66 |
| Issue | 2014-2015 |
| Pages | 181–302 |
| Categories | Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Influence, De anima |
| Author(s) | Marc Geoffroy |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Pierre Bayle et la critique d’Averroès à Coimbra. Deux épisodes de la réception d’Averroès |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2013 |
| Journal | Revista Filosófica de Coimbra |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue | 44 |
| Pages | 417–432 |
| Categories | De anima, Commentary, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Mário Santiago de Carvalho |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes, sobre las facultades locomotriz y desiderativa en al Taljîs del De Anima |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2008 |
| Journal | La Ciudad de Dios |
| Volume | 221 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 201–221 |
| Categories | Psychology, De anima |
| Author(s) | Carmen Makki , Carmen Makki , Andrés Martínez Lorca |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Le Grand Commentaire d'Averroès au De anima et ses lecteurs juifs |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2007 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 17 |
| Pages | 135–158 |
| Categories | Psychology, Review, De anima |
| Author(s) | David Wirmer |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture |
| Volume | 3 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 39-41 |
| Categories | Psychology, De anima |
| Author(s) | Davoud Zandi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect is an important issue in the realm of epistemology in Islamic philosophy. The aim of the present study is to compare the views of Averroes and Al-Farabi in this regard. Reviewing their theories, this study shows that both the mentioned philosophers agree upon the fact that the Active Intellect exists apart from human soul and acts as a creator of forms, but as for the relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect, there is disagreement between Averroes and Al-Farabi. Averroes believes that in some aspects both of them are the same yet they are different in some other aspects, namely regarding their acts they are different because the active intellect acts as creator of forms while the material intellect is just receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material intellect achieves perfection through the active intellect, whereas in Al-Farabi’s opinion, ontologically speaking; the material intellect and the active intellect are different in their existence. The material intellect in al-Farabi’s perspective is one of the stages of human intellect that is inherent in human soul, whereas the active intellect is an immaterial substance that exists apart from human soul. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5259","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5259,"authors_free":[{"id":6068,"entry_id":5259,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Davoud Zandi","free_first_name":"Davoud","free_last_name":"Zandi","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi"},"abstract":"The relationship between the material intellect and the active intellect is an important issue in the realm of epistemology in Islamic philosophy. The aim of the present study is to compare the views of Averroes and Al-Farabi in this regard. Reviewing their theories, this study shows that both the mentioned philosophers agree upon the fact that the Active Intellect exists apart from human soul and acts as a creator of forms, but as for the relationship between the Material Intellect and the Active Intellect, there is disagreement between Averroes and Al-Farabi. Averroes believes that in some aspects both of them are the same yet they are different in some other aspects, namely regarding their acts they are different because the active intellect acts as creator of forms while the material intellect is just receiver of the forms. Nevertheless, they are the same, since the material intellect achieves perfection through the active intellect, whereas in Al-Farabi\u2019s opinion, ontologically speaking; the material intellect and the active intellect are different in their existence. The material intellect in al-Farabi\u2019s perspective is one of the stages of human intellect that is inherent in human soul, whereas the active intellect is an immaterial substance that exists apart from human soul.","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.15640\/jisc.v3n2a5 ","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5259,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture","volume":"3","issue":"2","pages":"39-41"}},"sort":["A Comparative Study of the Relationship between the Material and the Active Intellect from the Perspective of Averroes and Al-Farabi"]}
| Title | Aproximación al tema de la visión de la oscuridad en De Anima II 7 desde los comentarios de Averroes |
| Translation | Approach to the topic of the vision of darkness in De Anima II 7 from the comments of Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue | 152 |
| Pages | 515 – 534 |
| Categories | Commentary, Aristotle, De anima, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Desiderio Parrilla |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| El problema de la “visión escotópica”, o visión bajo condiciones de oscuridad parcial o total, es uno de los tópicos más enigmáticos y menos estudiados de la psicología aristotélica. En el artículo exponemos la exégesis de Averroes acerca de este asunto. Señalamos una dificultad que surge en el Comentario mayor en torno a algunos términos utilizados para designar la oscuridad en el conjunto de la teoría. Proponemos como solución una interpretación moderada del asunto, acorde con el “principio de economía” y la exégesis tradicional de los comentaristas. The problem of “scotopic vision”, or vision under conditions of partial or total darkness, is one of the most enigmatic and least studied topics in Aristotelian psychology. In the article we present the exegesis of Averroes on this matter. We point out a dificulty that arises in the Great Commentary around some terms used to designate the obscurity in the whole of the theory. We propose as a solution a moderate interpretation of the matter, in accordance with the “principle of economy” and the traditional exegesis of the commentators. |
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| Title | Averroes, sobre las facultades locomotriz y desiderativa en al Taljîs del De Anima |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2008 |
| Journal | La Ciudad de Dios |
| Volume | 221 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 201–221 |
| Categories | Psychology, De anima |
| Author(s) | Carmen Makki , Carmen Makki , Andrés Martínez Lorca |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1430","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1430,"authors_free":[{"id":1625,"entry_id":1430,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1338,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Carmen Makki","free_first_name":"Carmen","free_last_name":"Makki","norm_person":{"id":1338,"first_name":"Carmen","last_name":"Makki","full_name":"Carmen Makki","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/306463989","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Carmen Makki"}},{"id":1626,"entry_id":1430,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1338,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Carmen Makki","free_first_name":"Carmen","free_last_name":"Makki","norm_person":{"id":1338,"first_name":"Carmen","last_name":"Makki","full_name":"Carmen Makki","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/306463989","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Carmen Makki"}},{"id":1627,"entry_id":1430,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":756,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Andr\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez Lorca","free_first_name":"Andr\u00e9s","free_last_name":"Mart\u00ednez Lorca","norm_person":{"id":756,"first_name":"Andr\u00e9s","last_name":"Mart\u00ednez Lorca","full_name":"Andr\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez Lorca","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1047955687","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/51730671","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Andr\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez Lorca"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes, sobre las facultades locomotriz y desiderativa en al Talj\u00ees del De Anima","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Averroes, sobre las facultades locomotriz y desiderativa en al Talj\u00ees del De Anima"},"abstract":null,"btype":3,"date":"2008","language":"Spanish","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"}],"authors":[{"id":1338,"full_name":"Carmen Makki","role":1},{"id":1338,"full_name":"Carmen Makki","role":1},{"id":756,"full_name":"Andr\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez Lorca","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":1430,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"La Ciudad de Dios","volume":"221","issue":"1","pages":"201\u2013221"}},"sort":["Averroes, sobre las facultades locomotriz y desiderativa en al Talj\u00ees del De Anima"]}
| Title | Le Grand Commentaire d'Averroès au De anima et ses lecteurs juifs |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2007 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 17 |
| Pages | 135–158 |
| Categories | Psychology, Review, De anima |
| Author(s) | David Wirmer |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1129","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1129,"authors_free":[{"id":1308,"entry_id":1129,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":140,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"David Wirmer","free_first_name":"David","free_last_name":"Wirmer","norm_person":{"id":140,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Wirmer","full_name":"David Wirmer","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/134066669","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/13518425","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":0,"link":"bib?authors[]=David Wirmer"}}],"entry_title":"Le Grand Commentaire d'Averro\u00e8s au De anima et ses lecteurs juifs","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Le Grand Commentaire d'Averro\u00e8s au De anima et ses lecteurs juifs"},"abstract":null,"btype":3,"date":"2007","language":"French","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":49,"category_name":"Review","link":"bib?categories[]=Review"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"}],"authors":[{"id":140,"full_name":"David Wirmer","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":1129,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"17","issue":null,"pages":"135\u2013158"}},"sort":["Le Grand Commentaire d'Averro\u00e8s au De anima et ses lecteurs juifs"]}
| Title | On a Possible Argument for Averroes’s Single Separate Intellect |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy |
| Volume | 4 |
| Pages | 27–63 |
| Categories | De anima, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Stephen R. Ogden |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5252","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5252,"authors_free":[{"id":6061,"entry_id":5252,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1681,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Stephen R. Ogden","free_first_name":"Stephen R.","free_last_name":"Ogden","norm_person":{"id":1681,"first_name":"Stephen R. ","last_name":"Ogden","full_name":"Stephen R. Ogden","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Stephen R. Ogden"}}],"entry_title":"On a Possible Argument for Averroes\u2019s Single Separate Intellect","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"On a Possible Argument for Averroes\u2019s Single Separate Intellect"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[{"id":1681,"full_name":"Stephen R. Ogden","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5252,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy","volume":"4","issue":"","pages":"27\u201363"}},"sort":["On a Possible Argument for Averroes\u2019s Single Separate Intellect"]}
| Title | Pierre Bayle et la critique d’Averroès à Coimbra. Deux épisodes de la réception d’Averroès |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2013 |
| Journal | Revista Filosófica de Coimbra |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue | 44 |
| Pages | 417–432 |
| Categories | De anima, Commentary, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Mário Santiago de Carvalho |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5278","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5278,"authors_free":[{"id":6094,"entry_id":5278,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"M\u00e1rio Santiago de Carvalho","free_first_name":"M\u00e1rio Santiago","free_last_name":"de Carvalho","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Pierre Bayle et la critique d\u2019Averro\u00e8s \u00e0 Coimbra. Deux \u00e9pisodes de la r\u00e9ception d\u2019Averro\u00e8s","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Pierre Bayle et la critique d\u2019Averro\u00e8s \u00e0 Coimbra. Deux \u00e9pisodes de la r\u00e9ception d\u2019Averro\u00e8s"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2013","language":"French","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5278,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Revista Filos\u00f3fica de Coimbra","volume":"22","issue":"44","pages":"417\u2013432"}},"sort":["Pierre Bayle et la critique d\u2019Averro\u00e8s \u00e0 Coimbra. Deux \u00e9pisodes de la r\u00e9ception d\u2019Averro\u00e8s"]}
| Title | Sources et origines de la théorie de l’intellect d’Averroès (II) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph |
| Volume | 68 |
| Pages | 135–232 |
| Categories | Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Influence, De anima |
| Author(s) | Marc Geoffroy |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Cette contribution constitue la deuxième partie de la publication, avec quelques mises à jour et aménagements, d’une thèse de doctorat soutenue sous le même intitulé à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, en décembre 2009 et dont la première partie a été publiée dans les MUSJ 66 (2015-2016). L’auteur entend, selon une perspective strictement historique, déterminer les sources sur lesquelles s’est appuyé, entre les années cinquante et soixante du xiie siècle (première période de son travail philosophique), Averroès (Ibn Rušd, m. 1198) pour concevoir sa théorie de l’âme et de l’intellect, en référence aux sources péripatéticiennes auxquelles il pouvait avoir accès de son temps. Pour celui qui vaut dans la tradition philosophique comme le « Commentateur » d’Aristote par excellence, il peut paraître étonnant qu’Averroès n’ait eu d’emblée accès qu’à des sources indirectes relatives à la théorie de l’âme du Stagirite, mais ce fut pourtant le cas, comme l’auteur le montre ici. On voit en effet que la doctrine de l’âme exposée par Averroès est essentiellement structurée par l’enseignement d’Alexandre d’Aphrodise et par son De anima. L’aristotélisme d’Averroès apparaît de ce point de vue comme un aristotélisme sans Aristote, et ceci allait refluer de manière décisive sur l’exégèse d’Averroès une fois qu’il se serait emparé de l’écrit du Stagirite, notamment et surtout pour expliquer les chapitres 4 et 5 du livre III du De anima (sur l’intellect en puissance et l’intellect agent). |
| Online Access | https://journals.usj.edu.lb/melanges/article/view/546 |
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| Title | Sources et origines de la théroie de l’intellect d’Averroès (I) |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2014 |
| Journal | Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph |
| Volume | 66 |
| Issue | 2014-2015 |
| Pages | 181–302 |
| Categories | Psychology, Tradition and Reception, Influence, De anima |
| Author(s) | Marc Geoffroy |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | ’Active Intellect’ in Avempace and Averroës: An Interpretative Issue |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2016 |
| Journal | Synthesis Philosophica |
| Volume | 62 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 345–358 |
| Categories | Ibn Bāǧǧa, De anima, Psychology |
| Author(s) | Daniel Bučan |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This essay is about the understanding of the notion of active intellect in Ibn Bāǧǧa (Avempace) and Ibn Rushd (Averroës). The traditional interpretation of both Avempace’s and Averroës’ concept of active intellect is that they both understand it as the lowest celestial intelligence which is dator formarum, and that man thinks and cognizes intelligibles only by “connecting” with it in a quasi-mystic way; cognition being the active intellect’s granting ideas (formae or concepts) to man’s intellect. The author believes that both in Avempace’s and Averroës’ theory of cognition the notion of active intellect is only the highest function of human intellect, not a celestial entity. Based on such a presumption, as well as on the analysis of his theory, Avempace’s notion of iṭṭiṣāl bi-’aql fa’āl is interpreted not as a kind of mystic “conjunction” or “union” with a separate celestial entity, but as reaching the highest level of man’s intellect function in the continuity of the process of thinking. The same goes for Averroës’ theory, which is quite clearly presented in his Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect, where one can find practically direct confirmation for such an interpretation, because Averroës says that “conjunction with it seems to resemble more the conjunction of form in matter than it does the conjunction of agent with effect. The well-known difference between agent and effect is that the agent is external, but here there is no external agent”, or that active intellect “conjoins with us from the outset by conjunction of in-existence”. The author concludes that the issue of the active intellect in Islamic philosophy is not disambiguous – for different thinkers it was a different concept – only the function of the active intellect is always one and the same: producing ideas. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5140","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5140,"authors_free":[{"id":5919,"entry_id":5140,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":625,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","free_first_name":"Daniel ","free_last_name":"Bu\u010dan","norm_person":{"id":625,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Bu\u010dan","full_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/73420981","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Daniel Bu\u010dan"}}],"entry_title":"\u2019Active Intellect\u2019 in Avempace and Averro\u00ebs: An Interpretative Issue","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u2019Active Intellect\u2019 in Avempace and Averro\u00ebs: An Interpretative Issue"},"abstract":"This essay is about the understanding of the notion of active intellect in Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a (Avempace) and Ibn Rushd (Averro\u00ebs). The traditional interpretation of both Avempace\u2019s and Averro\u00ebs\u2019 concept of active intellect is that they both understand it as the lowest celestial intelligence which is dator formarum, and that man thinks and cognizes intelligibles only by \u201cconnecting\u201d with it in a quasi-mystic way; cognition being the active intellect\u2019s granting ideas (formae or concepts) to man\u2019s intellect. The author believes that both in Avempace\u2019s and Averro\u00ebs\u2019 theory of cognition the notion of active intellect is only the highest function of human intellect, not a celestial entity. Based on such a presumption, as well as on the analysis of his theory, Avempace\u2019s notion of i\u1e6d\u1e6di\u1e63\u0101l bi-\u2019aql fa\u2019\u0101l is interpreted not as a kind of mystic \u201cconjunction\u201d or \u201cunion\u201d with a separate celestial entity, but as reaching the highest level of man\u2019s intellect function in the continuity of the process of thinking. The same goes for Averro\u00ebs\u2019 theory, which is quite clearly presented in his Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect, where one can find practically direct confirmation for such an interpretation, because Averro\u00ebs says that \u201cconjunction with it seems to resemble more the conjunction of form in matter than it does the conjunction of agent with effect. The well-known difference between agent and effect is that the agent is external, but here there is no external agent\u201d, or that active intellect \u201cconjoins with us from the outset by conjunction of in-existence\u201d. The author concludes that the issue of the active intellect in Islamic philosophy is not disambiguous \u2013 for different thinkers it was a different concept \u2013 only the function of the active intellect is always one and the same: producing ideas.","btype":3,"date":"2016","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21464\/sp31208","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":17,"category_name":"Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a","link":"bib?categories[]=Ibn B\u0101\u01e7\u01e7a"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"}],"authors":[{"id":625,"full_name":"Daniel Bu\u010dan","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5140,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Synthesis Philosophica","volume":"62","issue":"2","pages":"345\u2013358"}},"sort":["\u2019Active Intellect\u2019 in Avempace and Averro\u00ebs: An Interpretative Issue"]}